Networks of Trade
The ancient Mound Builders depended on trade networks to obtain raw materials, finished objects, and cultrual ideas. Natural routes of travel and trade were formed from waterways and the paths of migratory animals.
Trade started during the Late Archaic Period (Adena Culture), was expanded during the Middle Woodland Period (Hopewell Culture), and continued through the Mississippian Period. It extended throughout a large portion of North America. Marine shells from the Gulf Coast, copper from the Lake Superior region, and mica from the Carolinas came into the Mississippi Valley, including present-day Illinois. Finished objects were also brought into this area. Products and raw materials from Illinois were traded elsewhere, such as chert hoes from the Mill Creek area.