ÿWPC— O5>Òô°¨óS©ÁæA²¬àSlàÕ!EºŽ¨r¹þÁ×ד ‘NUA¸?<´ËÐH3†µ´±#ÎX€{ø¼…^tÇéf"1‹á•¢ËJšìl¡Çxüœ«Íºà0•õÿ¼dDY„_aB]ÅžoÙ ØY¸HP HÐ' [RÏ(¯õ Ëî”Q¦ë:ÄzïYÚ×ý‰ýÞ&î‰*[¦Ž"é–¢¿p¹ðû7ª96Lû*½éK"¥$+WwIÚ‘&[)ë’×:Ýï+ *óâ!½8°±³»ô]–®|To|^>øL .§(!Gõ¸45œ»Ô|R@ˆÌneÍõ´Dý»ûã1Ó3n:u?7pÔ†=Trëaß«’ûÀ0Ū>gçUƒMA"T ° ~eÄøLJ>tÅuŸ%ìƒDŸÂÓeo9®Y]_ ºX |o/…ôZÇÜ>Ÿ{gÇL÷]±øá‰{]5Jç“msçL•Ê‡ *:hVj/¦½©+ÐìGPr’1Šiªwª&9YA~þøÁ‘«aX>»C?/š IÌᲤ¬¡×å9ÈK7»À¾Ð´±¯ãñ°ÌUO¯=íV$¡­Ÿâ 4¢z7“®qIp7ý^ä|*&çV+rׇÜéЕ#!ÄU Nå %3 0:9UNs^ Áw@Í4 !0 m22 0NI˜hp LaserJet 1012 Series DriverÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌ0(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(üœ$¡¡ÔUSUS.,Ô(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularÃŽÜ0‰ HIDJK{LMDNODPUQDFSA/p}.bk13|xQÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(ÍO$——ÔÿÔòòóóÔÿÔÝ ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ„°Ñò òÔ‡X”rXXXÔà@ÿÿìàHistory€5000:€HistoriographyˆÐ ° Ðó óÔ#†X”rXXX”rN#ÔÔ‡X”rXXX”rÔà@##ìàTuesdays:€7:00„9:30€Ô_ÔpmÔ_ԈРœì Ðà@pp&ìàFall€2003ˆÌProf.€Voss„Ô_ÔHubbardÔ_Ôà0 ¸ àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àà0p(#(#àòòOffice€Hoursóó:€à0xp(#p(#àÔ_ÔTuThÔ_Ô:€12:30„Ð tÄ Ð2:00Ð x(#x(# ÐOffice:€216I€Coleman€HallÔ#†X”rXXX”r×#ÔÔ‡X”rXXX”rÔà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà0 È àà0 È(#È(#à€W:€9:00„10:30€€€€ÐL œ (# (# Ðò òó óE„mail:cfmv@eiu.eduÔ#†X”rXXX”rÓ#ÔÔ‡X”rXXX”rÔò òà0  àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àà0p(#(#àà0Èp(#p(#àà0 È(#È(#àó óà0x (# (#àò òó ó€€€&€byÐ 8 ˆ ÐappointmentÐ x(#x(# ÐÔ#†X”rXXX”r»#ÔÔ‡X”rXXX”rÔTel:€à0  àx3124Ô#†X”rXXX”rß#ÔÔ‡X”rXXX”rÔà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àà  àÐ `(#(# ÐÔ#†X”rXXX”r7#ÔÌÔ‡ôÛøõXX”rÔà  àð ð[The€graduate€history€seminar]€has€evolved€from€a€nursery€of€dogma€into€a€laboratory€of€scientific€truth.ðð€Ð è 8  Ðà  àð!ð€Herbert€Baxter€Adams,€ð ðSpecial€Methods€of€Historical€Study,ðð€1886€ÌÌà0  àð ðWe€want€nothing€more€to€do€with€the€approximations€of€hypotheses,€useless€systems,€theories€as€brilliantÏas€they€are€deceptive,€superfluous€moralities.€€Facts,€facts,€factsð!ðwhich€carry€within€themselves€their€lessonÏand€their€philosophy.€€The€truth,€all€the€truth,€and€nothing€but€the€truth.ðð€€€€Ð (#(# Ðà  àð!ð€Henri€Ô_ÔHoussayeÔ_Ô,€before€the€First€Congress€of€Historians,€1900ÌÌà0  àð ðThe€politics€which€mainstream€historians€have€admired€are€unreal€and€unprincipled....[Ô_ÔW]eÔ_Ô€will€not€goÏaway,€and€we€will€simply€not€allow€you€the€luxury€of€continuing€to€call€yourselves€politically€neutral€whileÏyou€exclude€all€this€from€your€history.ðð€€Ð (#(# Ðà  àð!ð€Jesse€Ô_ÔLemischÔ_Ô,€American€Historical€Association€annual€meeting,€1969€ÌÌà0  àð ð[Ô_ÔF]eministsÔ_Ô€have€put€to€rest€the€myth€of€female€dependence€on€men€and€rediscovered€the€significance€ofÏwoman€bonding.€€I€find€it€personally€gratifying€that€the€lesbian„feminist€concept€of€woman„identifiedÏwoman€has€historical€roots€in€the€friendships,€networks€and€institutions€of€the€nineteenth€century.€€TheÏhistorical€sisterhood...can€teach€us€a€great€deal€about€putting€women€first,€whether€as€friends,€lovers,€orÏpolitical€allies.ðð€€Ð (#(# Ѐà0  àð!ð€Estelle€Freedman,€òòFeminist€Studiesóó,€1979€òòóó€ÐÔ$(#(# ÐÌà0  àð ðWhat€passes€for€wisdom€among€my€own€colleagues€is€that€science€is€a€Western€disease...€that€allÏdescriptions€of€social€life€are€fabrications;€and€that€empirical€research€is€nothing€but€a€bourgeois€dirtyÏtrick.ðð€Ð (#(# Ѐà0  àð!ð€Marvin€Harris,€1978,€òòNew€York€Timesóó€op€ed€piece€€€€Ô#†X”rXõôÛø#Ôв!(#(# ÐÌÌà  àHistoriography€explores€the€different€ways€that€historians€have€sought€to€know€about€andÏexplain€the€past.€€It€is€roughly€analogous€to€ððthe€science€of€history,ðð€in€the€same€manner€thatÏbiology€is€ððthe€science€of€life.ðð€€Biologists€study€the€living€world€using€methods€and€conventionsÏestablished€by€their€profession.€€Historians€study€the€past€using€their€own€professionallyÏsanctioned€methods€and€conventions.€€Historians€who€study€historiography€also€followÏestablished€scholarly€procedures€to€critically€examine€their€own€disciplineð!ðthe€research€andÏwriting€of€history,€and€how€that€research€and€writing€has€changed€over€time.€€Ìà  àBut€historiography€and€history€are€also€different€from€biology€because,€as€all€graduateÏhistory€students€know,€history€is€interpretation.€€Interpretation€introduces€the€human€element:Ïindividual€tastes,€social€conventions,€politics,€prejudicesð!ðin€a€word,€subjectivity.€€For€this€reason,Ïit€is€philosophically€possible€(possible,€though€not€necessarily€accurate)€to€argue€that€allÏinterpretations€are€equal;€that€interpretation€is€no€more€than€opinion,€or€worse,€advocacy.€€WhileÏin€this€class€we€will€encounter€arguments€that€deny€the€claims€to€objectivity€made€by€science,Ïtoday€most€biologists€would€utterly€reject€such€un„scientific€reflections€on€their€discipline.€Ð L.œ)1 ÐSubjectivity,€after€all,€is€said€to€make€for€very€bad€science.€€And€what€is€bad€for€science€is€oftenÏsaid€to€be€bad€for€historyð!ðor€so€many€people€have€argued.€€€€Ìà  àAs€the€above€suggests,€historiography€has€both€practical€and€philosophical€dimensions.€ÏOn€a€practical€level,€this€course€will€illuminate€the€processesð!ðthe€methodologies€and€theÏtheoriesð!ðthat€historians€have€used€to€develop€coherent€interpretations€of€the€past.€€As€such,€itÏshould€serve€as€an€excellent€foundation€for€you€as€you€develop€your€own€research€interests€in€thisÏprogram.€€You€will€learn€about€Whig,€progressive,€counter„progressive,€Marxist,€neo„Marxist,Ïand€postmodern€approaches€to€history,€largely€by€reading€representative€examples€from€U.S.,ÏEuropean,€and€World€history.€€We€hope€that€you€will€be€better€prepared€to€both€recognize€theseÏapproaches€in€historical€writing€and,€perhaps,€apply€theory€self„consciously€in€your€own€teachingÏand€writing.€€Ìà  àOn€a€philosophical€level,€this€course€will€prompt€you€to€question€the€fundamental€natureÏof€the€historianððs€project.€€What€is€history,€and€what€methods€are€best€designed€to€illuminate€it?€ÏWhat€is€the€historianððs€relationship€to€the€past?€€Should€history€writing€ððhave€an€agenda,ðð€beyondÏthat€of€expanding€knowledge€about€the€past?€€Are€there€works€of€history€that€are€moreÏððobjective,ðð€more€ððtrue,ðð€than€others,€or€is€every€interpretation€necessarily€ððsubjectiveðð€andÏtherefore€equally€valid,€equally€ððtrueðð?€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìà  àThese€are€complicated€and€challenging€questions€that€admit€of€no€easy€answers.€€But€theyÏhave€been€a€part€of€professional€discourse€since€at€least€the€1920s,€and€have€been€particularlyÏvital€since€the€1960s.€€Indeed,€the€philosophical€issues€raised€by€doing€history€are€suggested€inÏthe€quotes€that€appear€at€the€top€of€this€syllabus€(read€them€now,€if€you€havenððt€already!).€€We€inÏthe€history€department€believe€that€you€will€be€better€historians€and€teachers€for€grappling€withÏthese€issues.€€That€is€why€this€class€is€required.Ìà  àÌò òRequirementsó óÐ Ð  ÐÌà  àThis€course€not€only€introduces€you€to€historiography,€but€also€to€the€historians€in€thisÏdepartment.€€Ten€professors€will€come€in€to€lead€you€in€exploring€the€historiography€on€a€topicÏwithin€their€areas€of€respective€specialization.€€Each€will€assign€reading€to€be€done€during€theÏweek€prior€to€meeting€with€you.€€Each€will€also€provide€discussion€questions€and€a€question€toÏserve€as€the€basis€for€a€short€(2„3€pp.)€position€paper.€€You€may€choose€from€among€them€òòthreeóóÐ X ¨ Ðposition€papers€which€you€will€write€and€turn€into€me€on€the€day€that€the€readings€are€due.€€YouÏwill€also€write€one€longer€paper€(12„1ñMñ5ñMññNñ8ñNñ€pp.,€due€at€the€last€class€meeting€on€12/12),€which€will€beÏan€in„depth€critical€review€of€the€historiography€on€(or€related€to)€one€of€the€topics€presentedÏover€the€course€of€the€term.€€There€will€be€no€examinations.€€This€is€a€seminar:€it€is€understoodÏthat€you€will€come€to€each€class€prepared€and€ready€to€participate€in€meaningful€discussion.ÌÌò òTextsó óÐ Ì&"% ÐÌ*J.€Appleby,€L.€Hunt,€M.€Jacob,€òòTelling€the€Truth€about€HistoryÐ ¤(ô#' Ðóó*Peter€Ô_ÔNovickÔ_Ô,€òòThat€Noble€Dream:€The€Objectivity€Question€in€American€Historical€ScholarshipóóÐ )à$( Ðà  à(Both€are€available€at€textbook€rental)Ì*€Natalie€Ô_ÔZemonÔ_Ô€Davis,€òòThe€Return€of€Martin€Guerreóó€(ò òOn€reserveó ó)Ð h+¸&* Ð*Various€readings,€as€assigned€by€each€professor,€distributed€as€in„class€handoutsÌ€Ìò òÌÐ /l*. ЇÌÌGradingó óà ` àÐ ˆØ ÐÌIn€class€discussion€participation:à0 h à€à0Àh(#h(#à30%Ð`°À(#À(# Ð3€position€papers:à0 ¸ àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#à30%ÐL œÀ(#À(# ÐCritical€essay:à0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#à40%€€€Ð8 ˆÀ(#À(# ÐÌCritical€essays€will€be€advised€by€the€professor€specializing€in€the€chosen€topic.€€All€grading€willÏbe€done€by€me.€€These€should€discuss€and€critique€at€least€5€articles/books€that€presentÏcontrasting€arguments€on€a€given€historical€problem.€€They€should€also€identify€and€critique€anyÏdifferences€in€the€methodological/theoretical€frameworks€employed€by€the€authors.€€There€is€noÏspecified€length,€but€aim€for€12„18€pages.€€ÌÌNote:€Students€with€documented€disabilities€requiring€special€accommodations€should€discussÏthis€with€me€by€the€2òòndóó€week€of€the€semester.Ð „Ô  ÐÌò òScheduleó óÐ \¬ ÐÌIntro:à0  àà0` (#(#àTheoretical€and€Methodological€PerspectivesÐ4„` (#` (# ÐÌWeek€1:€8/26à0 ` à€Introduction€to€Historiography€(Voss„Ô_ÔHubbardÔ_Ô)Ð \` (#` (# ÐWeek€2:€9/2à0 ` à€History€as€nationalism;€the€progressives€and€counter„progressives€(Voss„Ð øH ÐÔ_ÔHubbardÔ_Ô)Ð ` (#` (# ÐWeek€3:€9/9à0 ` à€The€Whig€interpretation€of€history€(Key)ÐÐ ` (#` (# ÐWeek€4:€9/16à0 ` à€Marxism€as€history€and€historiography€(Ô_ÔSheltonÔ_Ô)м ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà ° àWeek€5:€9/23€€€€Neo„Marxism€and€the€linguistic€turn€(Voss„Ô_ÔHubbardÔ_Ô)Ð (#(# ÐÌCases:€à0 ` àEuropean€HistoriographyЀÐ` (#` (# ÐÌWeek€6:€9/30à0 ` à€The€Ô_ÔPirenneÔ_Ô€Thesis€in€Medieval€Historiography€(Young)ÐX ¨` (#` (# ÐWeek€7:10/7à ` à€Methodology€and€Theory€in€French€History€(Smith)Ð D!” ÐWeek€8:10/14€€€Culture€and€Politics€in€Modern€Germany€(Elder)ÌÌà  àà ` àU.S.€HistoriographyÌÌWeek€9:10/21à0 ` à€€€€Separate€Spheres€in€Early€America€(Ô_ÔLeMasterÔ_Ô)Ðà%0!$` (#` (# ÐWeek€10:10/28€€€€Method€and€Theory€in€19òòthñHñ„ñHñóóñIññBñ€ñBññIñcentury€Political€History€(Voss„Ô_ÔHubbardÔ_Ô)Ð Ì&"% ÐWeek€11:11/4€€€€€€ñJñState€&€Society€in€ñJññKññJñ20thñJññKññKñ20òòthóóñKññJñ€ñJññLñCentury€America€(Curry)ñLñ€Ð ¸'#& ÐWeek€12:11/11€€€€The€Historiography€of€U.S.€Diplomacy€(Ô_ÔWehrleÔ_Ô)ÌÌà  àà ` àThe€Non„WestÌÌWeek€13€11/18€€€Historiography€of€Latin€America€(Ô_ÔDeustuaÔ_Ô)ÌWeek€14€12/2à0 ` à€€€€Imperialism,€Ô_ÔOrientalismÔ_Ô€&€Neo„Colonialism€(Beck)Ð@-(,` (#` (# ÐñOñÌñOññPñÌñPñWeek€15€12/9€€€€€Students€will€present€summaries€of€critical€essays€(Voss„Ô_ÔHubbardÔ_Ô)ñQñ€Ð /h*. Ðà Ð àà Ð àà Ð àà Ð àà Ð àà Ð àà Ð àà Ð àà Ð àà Ð àà Ð àà Ð àÐ /h*. ÐñQñ